BUSINESS

Economic Outlook: US-China trade tension weakens demands

&NewLine;<p><strong><em>A combination of many factors has orchestrated a sluggish global growth in July global economic outlook&period; <&sol;em><&sol;strong><strong><em>However&comma;  financial market sentiment&semi; continued fading of Euro drags&semi; stabilization in Turkey and Argentina emerging markets and avoiding Iran-Venezuela collapses would  be the needed elixir <&sol;em><&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p><strong>By Daniel Akintunde<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>The&NewLine;global economic growth has remained subdued&period; <&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Since&NewLine;the April&nbsp&semi;World Economic Outlook&nbsp&semi;&lpar;WEO&rpar; report&comma; the United States&NewLine;further increased tariffs on certain Chinese imports and China retaliated by&NewLine;raising tariffs on a subset of US imports&period; Additional escalation was averted&NewLine;following the June G20 summit&period; Global technology supply chains were threatened&NewLine;by the prospect of US sanctions&comma; Brexit-related uncertainty continued&comma; and&NewLine;rising geopolitical tensions roiled energy prices&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Against&NewLine;this backdrop&comma; global growth is forecast at 3&period;2 percent in 2019&comma; picking up to&NewLine;3&period;5 percent in 2020 &lpar;0&period;1 percentage point lower than in the April WEO&NewLine;projections for both years&rpar;&period; GDP releases so far this year&comma; together with&NewLine;generally softening inflation&comma; point to weaker-than-anticipated global&NewLine;activity&period; Investment and demand for consumer durables have been subdued across&NewLine;advanced and emerging market economies as firms and households continue to hold&NewLine;back on long-range spending&period; Accordingly&comma; global trade&comma; which is intensive in&NewLine;machinery and consumer durables&comma; remains sluggish&period; The projected growth pickup&NewLine;in 2020 is precarious&comma; presuming stabilization in currently stressed emerging&NewLine;market and developing economies and progress toward resolving trade policy&NewLine;differences&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Risks&NewLine;to the forecast are mainly to the downside&period; They include further trade and&NewLine;technology tensions that dent sentiment and slow investment&semi; a protracted&NewLine;increase in risk aversion that exposes the financial vulnerabilities continuing&NewLine;to accumulate after years of low interest rates&semi; and&nbsp&semi;mounting&NewLine;disinflationary pressures that increase debt service difficulties&comma; constrain&NewLine;monetary policy space to counter downturns&comma; and make adverse shocks more&NewLine;persistent than normal&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Multilateral&NewLine;and national policy actions are vital to place global growth on a stronger&NewLine;footing&period; The&nbsp&semi;pressing needs include reducing trade and technology tensions&NewLine;and expeditiously resolving uncertainty around trade agreements &lpar;including&NewLine;between the United Kingdom and the European Union and the free trade area&NewLine;encompassing Canada&comma; Mexico&comma; and the United States&rpar;&period; Specifically&comma; countries&NewLine;should not use tariffs to target bilateral trade balances or as a substitute&NewLine;for dialogue to pressure others for reforms&period; With subdued final demand and&NewLine;muted inflation&comma; accommodative monetary policy is appropriate in advanced&NewLine;economies&comma; and in emerging market and developing economies where expectations&NewLine;are anchored&period; Fiscal policy should balance multiple objectives&colon; smoothing&NewLine;demand as needed&comma; protecting the vulnerable&comma; bolstering growth potential with&NewLine;spending that supports structural reforms&comma; and ensuring sustainable public&NewLine;finances over the medium term&period; If growth weakens relative to the baseline&comma;&NewLine;macroeconomic policies will need to turn more accommodative&comma; depending on&NewLine;country circumstances&period; Priorities across all economies are to enhance inclusion&comma;&NewLine;strengthen resilience&comma; and address constraints on potential output growth&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p><strong>Weak final demand<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Against&NewLine;a difficult backdrop that included intensified US-China trade and technology&NewLine;tensions as well as prolonged uncertainty on Brexit&comma; momentum in global&NewLine;activity remained soft in the first half of 2019&period; There were positive surprises&NewLine;to growth in advanced economies&comma; but weaker-than-expected activity in emerging&NewLine;market and developing economies&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Growth&NewLine;was better than expected in the United States and Japan&comma; and one-off factors&NewLine;that had hurt growth in the euro area in 2018 &lpar;notably&comma; adjustments to new auto&NewLine;emissions standards&rpar; appeared to fade as anticipated&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Among&NewLine;emerging market and developing economies&comma; first quarter GDP in China was&NewLine;stronger than forecast&comma; but indicators for the second quarter suggest a&NewLine;weakening of activity&period; Elsewhere in emerging Asia&comma; as well as in Latin America&comma;&NewLine;activity has disappointed&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Despite&NewLine;the upside surprises in headline GDP for some countries&comma; data more broadly&NewLine;paint a picture of subdued global final demand&comma; notably in fixed investment&period;&NewLine;Inventory accumulation of unsold goods lifted first quarter GDP in the United&NewLine;States and the United Kingdom&comma; while soft imports boosted output in China and&NewLine;Japan&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>From&NewLine;a sectoral perspective&comma; service sector activity has held up&comma; but the slowdown&NewLine;in global manufacturing activity&comma; which began in early 2018&comma; has continued&comma;&NewLine;reflecting weak business spending &lpar;machinery and equipment&rpar; and consumer&NewLine;purchases of durable goods&comma; such as cars&period; These developments suggest that firms&NewLine;and households continue to hold back on long-range spending amid elevated&NewLine;policy uncertainty&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Soft&NewLine;global trade<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Spending&NewLine;patterns are also reflected in global trade&comma; which tends to be intensive in&NewLine;investment goods and consumer durables&period; Trade volume growth declined to around&NewLine;&half; percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2019 after dropping below 2&NewLine;percent in the fourth quarter of 2018&period; The slowdown was particularly notable in&NewLine;emerging Asia&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Weak&NewLine;trade prospects—to an extent reflecting trade tensions—in turn create headwinds&NewLine;for investment&period; Business sentiment and surveys of purchasing managers for&NewLine;example point to a weak outlook for manufacturing and trade&comma; with particularly&NewLine;pessimistic views on new orders&period; The silver lining remains the performance of&NewLine;the service sector&comma; where sentiment has been relatively resilient&comma; supporting&NewLine;employment growth &lpar;which&comma; in turn&comma; has helped shore up consumer&NewLine;confidence&rpar;&period;&nbsp&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Muted&NewLine;inflation<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Consistent&NewLine;with subdued growth in final demand&comma; core inflation across advanced economies&NewLine;has softened below target &lpar;for example in the United States&rpar; or remained well&NewLine;below it &lpar;euro area&comma; Japan&rpar;&period; Core inflation has also dropped further below&NewLine;historical averages in many emerging market and developing economies&comma; barring a&NewLine;few cases such as Argentina&comma; Turkey&comma; and Venezuela&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>With&NewLine;global activity generally remaining subdued&comma; supply influences continued to&NewLine;dominate commodity price movements&comma; notably in the case of oil prices &lpar;affected&NewLine;by civil strife in Venezuela and Libya and US sanctions on Iran&rpar;&period; Despite the&NewLine;large run-up in oil prices through April &lpar;and higher import tariffs in some&NewLine;countries&rpar;&comma; cost pressures have been muted&comma; reflecting still-tepid wage growth&NewLine;in many economies even as labor markets continued to tighten&period; Headline&NewLine;inflation has therefore remained subdued across most advanced and emerging&NewLine;market economies&period; These developments have contributed&comma; in part&comma; to market&NewLine;pricing of expected inflation dropping sharply in the United States and the&NewLine;euro area&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Mixed&NewLine;policy cues and shifts in risk appetite<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Policy&NewLine;actions and missteps have played an important role in shaping these outcomes&comma;&NewLine;not least through their impact on market sentiment and business confidence&period;&NewLine;While the six-month extension to Brexit announced in early April provided some&NewLine;initial reprieve&comma; escalating trade tensions in May&comma; fears of disruptions to&NewLine;technology supply chains&comma; and geopolitical tensions &lpar;for example&comma; US sanctions&NewLine;on Iran&rpar; undermined market confidence&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>Risk&NewLine;sentiment appears to have regained some ground in June&comma; supported by central&NewLine;bank communications signaling the likelihood of further accommodation&period;&NewLine;Following the June G20 summit&comma; where the United States and China agreed to&NewLine;resume trade talks and avoided further increases in tariffs&comma; market sentiment&NewLine;has been lifted by the prospect of the two sides continuing to make progress&NewLine;toward resolving their differences&period; Financial conditions in the United States&NewLine;and the euro area are now easier than at the time of the April WEO&comma; while&NewLine;remaining broadly unchanged for other regions&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;&NewLine;<p>The&NewLine;projected pickup in global growth in 2020 relies importantly on several&NewLine;factors&colon; &lpar;1&rpar; financial market sentiment staying generally supportive&semi; &lpar;2&rpar;&NewLine;continued fading of temporary drags&comma; notably in the euro area&semi; &lpar;3&rpar;&NewLine;stabilization in some stressed emerging market economies&comma; such as Argentina and&NewLine;Turkey&semi; and &lpar;4&rpar; avoiding even sharper collapses in others&comma; such as Iran and&NewLine;Venezuela&period; About 70&nbsp&semi;percent of the increase in the global growth forecast&NewLine;for 2020 relative to 2019 is accounted for by projected stabilization or&NewLine;recovery in stressed economies&period; In turn&comma; these factors rely on a conducive&NewLine;global policy backdrop that ensures the dovish tilt of central banks and the&NewLine;buildup of policy stimulus in China are not blunted by escalating trade&NewLine;tensions or a disorderly Brexit&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;

Openlife Reporter

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