Innovative thinking about Africa’s
conventional employment issues is what marks the African Development Bank’s new
policy research document “Creating Decent Jobs: Strategies, Policies, and
Instruments,” participants heard at the report launch, held 12 September 2019.
The report elicited strong presentations and a lively debate during the event
which took place in the Babacar N’Diaye Auditorium at the Bank’s headquarters,
attended by senior management, diplomats, staff, and media representatives.
The Bank’s Senior Vice President Charles Boamah introduced the issue of
employment as being “at the top of the agenda of every African leader”, and
said that the report was “the first of its kind in challenging and unveiling
some of the misconceptions that many experts have about the nature of
under-employment and unemployment in Africa.
“The report signals the start of some fresh thinking about the nature of
employment creation on the continent and clarifies which development strategies
and policy interventions are needed for low-income countries in Africa”, Boamah
said. He went on to predict that the report would “serve as a reference
document on employment in Africa for some years to come”.
Introducing the report, Celestin Monga, the Bank’s Chief Economist, remarked
that part of its appeal was in applying innovative thinking to conventional
employment issues. For example, one problem identified was that domestic
economic progress was often assessed by the allocation of public funding to
priority sectors or by analyzing the number of reforms carried out to improve
the business environment. In this context, he observed that several of the
world’s top-performing countries had low rankings for the ease of doing
business.
Monga also remarked that the official unemployment figures of many African
countries were so unrealistically low that policymakers found it difficult to
explain how demand for labor in markets was so buoyant. Africa was also the
world region with the highest proportion of its workforce in vulnerable
employment, which served to hide rather than clarify the essential issue of
employment in Africa. A new model for measuring employment that related to
actual conditions in Africa was needed, he said. The report should also be seen
as a manifesto for African jobs.
Finally, he praised the painstaking work of his co-editors, and particularly
recommended a focus paper written by Andinet Woldemichael, principal research
economist, entitled “The Missing Women in African Labor Markets” in the
report.
In the face of rapidly growing populations and heightened risks of social
unrest or discontent, jobless growth was the most serious concern for African
policymakers, said Abebe Shimeles, manager in the Chief Economist’s complex,
who spoke on the highlights of the report. “One problem”, he added, “was
already well known – that employment and unemployment needed to be more closely
defined in their relative context, a task that had already caused difficulties
in other development finance institutions. Traditional labour market economists
were not capable of accurately defining the particular African employment
phenomenon”. In addition, he pointed out that the status of the ministries of
work or labour in many African countries was often not important enough to be
considered as a critical policy sector, reflecting the low priority given to
making a serious difference to the continental employment challenge facing all
the African countries.
Following questions from the audience, a small panel briefly discussed the
overall issue presented by the report. This session of reflections featured
Ivorian minister of youth promotion and employment Mamadou Toure, in the government
of Cote d’Ivoire, who drew attention to the interconnections that existed
around the jobs issue. “This cannot be resolved on its own, and certainly not
without considering carefully other related aspects, such as skills, education,
training, enterprise and social services” he said.
Professor Tchetche N’Guessan, of the University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny,
Cocody, Cote d’Ivoire; and Mr Freddy Tchala, CEO of MTN in Cote d’Ivoire also
spoke, discussing different aspects of employment, education, training, skills
and government measures for the promotion of youth entrepreneurs.
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